Vertical tensile specimens had an ultimate tensile strength 47.9% less than horizontal. Furthermore, anisotropic mechanical property variances were quantified for Type IV specimens (vertical and horizontal orientations). The results indicate that utilizing Type IV tensile test piece geometry may overestimate the UTS relative to the Type I. This paper utilizes a large pool of 47 user-assembled 3-D printers to quantify the mechanical property variations of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength of FFF printed components using ASTM D638-14 horizontally-oriented Type I and IV geometries for poly lactic acid (PLA). However, with a wide range of low-cost FFF 3-D printers and settings possible, there is a lack of information on the variability in printed mechanical properties. The open source introduction of fused filament fabrication (FFF) enables distributed manufacturing of consumer products.
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